閱讀passage43原文

    1）On the eve of global warming negotiations, scientists from several Western nations are clamoring for a crash program to develop clean energy that would rival the Manhattan Project and the Apollo mission to the moon.

    2）Writing in Thursday’s issue of the journal Nature, scientists from North America and Europe predicted that global warming will soon become the environmental equivalent of the Cold War as the world’s increasing reliance on fossil fuels releases more carbon dioxide and other heat trapping pollutants into the atmosphere. The 11 scientists urged negotiators at environmental talks scheduled to begin Nov.2 in Buenos Aires, Argentina, to push for a mobilization of scientific resources to develop alternative forms of energy, such as solar, wind and nuclear power. “Developing and commercializing carbon-free power technologies by the mid 21st century could require efforts, perhaps international, pursued with the urgency of the Manhattan Project or the Apollo space program,” said Martin Hoffert, a physicist at New York University. Only 20% or less of today energy use comes from carbon-free sources. The Nature paper is unusual because it contains broad policy recommendations. Normally, the journal publishes straightforward scientific studies.

    Last year, governments meeting in Kyoto, Japan, agreed to emission reductions by the United States, Japan, the 15 nation European Union and 21 other industrial nations. The nations are to cut their output of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases to 5% below their 1990 levels by 2012. This year, negotiators for 166 nations are meeting to determine how each country will achieve the reduction.

    To some, rising annual average temperatures in the 1990s amount to early proof that global warming has arrived and that the current treaty won’t protect nations from climatic upheaval during the 21st century. Some scientists said global warming is inevitable and no amount of effort-not even a crash program-will prevent it “We will experience a substantial amount of further climate change even if we make huge cuts in emissions,” said Martin Parry of University College in London. Others said there are many ways of reducing global warming without mobilizing scientists worldwide. Energy conservation and efficiency, such as greater use of cleaner burning natural gas and nuclear power, might be a cheaper solution, they say. Smokestack and tailpipe controls, as well as planting trees, can reduce pollution, too. Countries can also provide utilities with financial incentives to invest in experimental technologies.

[FS:PAGE]    3）Even optimists at the meeting agreed that demand for crude oil will outstrip production by 2020 and that worldwide reserves will be exhausted by 2100. Oil shortages and higher prices will make the world a more dangerous place, they warned.

    翻閱passage43譯文

    在舉行全球變暖問題協商的前戲，來自幾個西方國家的科學家呼吁制定一項開發情節能源的經濟計劃——該計劃可以與曼哈頓計劃和阿波羅登月任務計劃相提并論。

    在發表于《自然》雜志星期四刊的文章中，來自北美和歐洲的科學家預計，由于全世界日益依賴礦物燃料，向大氣中釋放的二氧化碳和其他吸熱污染物增多，所以全球變暖不就將成為環境方面類似冷戰的問題。這11位科學家強烈要求參加環境問題會議的協商者敦促人民利用科學資源開發科替代的能源，比如太陽能、風能和核能，該會議計劃于11月2日仔阿根廷的不宜諾斯艾里斯召開。“到21世紀中期時，開放并商業化利用不寒潭的能源技術可能需要人們付出努力，可能需要國際見的共同努力，應該像實施曼哈頓計劃和阿波羅空間計劃一樣付出努力。”馬丁賀佛特說，他是紐約大約的譯為物理學家。目前使用的能源重，只有20%或更少的能源曲子不寒潭的能源。《自然》雜志上的文章與眾不同，因為它提出了廣泛的政策建議。通常情況下，該雜志等在的是有關易懂的科學研究的文章。

    去年，在日本京都召開的政府首腦會議上，美國、日本、15個歐盟成員國以及21個工業國家統一減少排放量。這些國家統一，到2012年時，將二氧化碳和其他問世氣體的排放量減少5%，降至低于1990年的標準。今年，來自166個國家的代表正在協商，確定各國將如何實現削減的目標。

    某種程度上，20世紀90年代日益增高的年平均溫度其實是已經證明了全球變暖已經開始，目前的跳躍不能保護各國免受21世紀氣候巨變帶來的影響。有些科學家說，全球變暖不開避免，無論付出多大的努力都組織不了，即使是緊急計劃也不行，“即使我們大幅度減少排放量，我們也會經歷進一步的氣候巨變，”來自倫敦一所大學的馬丁-帕里說。其他科學家說，就算不動員全世界的科學家，也有許多減緩全球變暖趨勢的方法。他們說，保護能源和提高能源的效率可能是更合算的解決方法，比如多燃燒更清潔的天然氣合核能。對煙筒和圍棋的控制也可以減少污染，指數造林也可以減少污染。各國也可以向共用事業部門提供財政獎勵，鼓勵他們投資開發實驗性技術。

    甚至參加會議的樂觀人士也一致認為，到2020年時，原油的需求量將超過產量，到2100年時，全世界的石油儲量將枯竭;他們警告說，石油短缺和更高的油價將使得地球成為一個更危險的地方。

    翻閱passage43長難句分析

    1)There are many important differences between building an industrial based economy and one that relies largely on tourism. One of the historical barriers to industrialization has been a shortage of capital to build an industrial infrastructure or a lack of industrial-specific facilities

    【解析】主句是There are many important differences between ，One of the historical barriers to industrialization has been a shortage of 。between...and...短語修飾differences，其中的that引導的定語從句修飾“one”指的是economy;to build...短語修飾“capital”;or引導的是并列成分，其中such as是在距離說明facilities。industrial based 譯為以產業為基礎的;barrier應譯為障礙，industrialization譯為產業化;a shortage of譯為缺少...;infrastructure譯為基礎設施;a lack of 譯為缺少...;industrial-specific應該譯為產業特有的。

[FS:PAGE]    【參考譯文】發展以產業為基礎的經濟和發展主要依賴旅游產業的經濟這兩者之間有許多重大區別，產業化的一個歷史障礙就是缺少興建產業基礎設施的資金，或者缺少產業特有的設備，比如深水港口。

    2)We can be touched by images we see in the media but it is only when we shake hands with people from other nations and other cultures that we learn how things really are.

    【解析】主句是we can be touched by images ...but it is only when...that”。 we see 是一個省略了引導詞的定語從句，修飾images;it is only when...that 是一個強調句式，強調的是when;howthings really are是一個省略了引導詞的賓語從句。touch譯為打動。

    【譯文】我們可能被媒體上報到的景象所打動，但是，只有當我們與來自其他國家、其他文化的人們握手時，我們才會了解事情的本質。