MBA聯考英語語法復習：

    主謂一致(Agreement) ：一致指句子成分之間或詞語之間在性、數等方面應保持一致。主謂一致指謂語動詞與主語必須在人稱、性、數上保持一致。具體處理一致關系時可遵循以下三原則:語法一致、意義一致、就近一致。

    一、集體名詞作主語時, 主語與謂語動詞的一致

    如集體名詞在句中意指整體概念, 謂語動詞用單數形式;

    如在句中意指其具體成員, 謂語動詞復數形式。

    這類集體名詞包括:army, audience, class, committee, crowd, crew, couple, family, group, staff, team, public, cabinet, band等。

    The population of the earth is increasing very fast.

    One third of the population here are farmers.

    The public has every reason to be cautious of professional deception.

    The public now know the whole story.

    The teaching staff of this college is/are excellent.這所大學的教師都是出類拔萃的

    二、學科名稱和疾病名稱作主語時, 主語與謂語動詞的一致

    某些學科名稱和疾病名稱雖是復數形式, 但這些詞作主語時,謂語動詞仍用單數形式。

    這些詞包括: electronics(電子學), mechanics(力學),classics(古典文學), linguistics(語言學), economics(經濟學),statistics(統計學), physics(物理學), mathematics(數學)等。

    Electronics is a piece of cake to him.

    Qiantum mechanics(量子力學) supplies methods for calculating the results of experiments in all those realms.

    三、表示書名、報名、劇名、國名等的名詞或詞組作主語時,主語與謂語動詞的一致

    表示書名、報名、劇名、國名等的名詞(或詞組)作主語時,如只指一種、一本或一個, 不論它形式上是單數還是復數,謂語動詞只用單數形式。

    The adventrues of Huckleberry Finn was written by the famous American umorist Mark Twain.

    The New York Times is not available here.

    The United States was founded in 1776.

    四、單復數同形的名詞作主語時, 主語與謂語動詞的一致

    單復數同形的名詞作主語時, 要根據句子意思來確定謂語動詞的單復數形式,單復數同形的名詞包括: aircraft, deer, fish, sheep , means, species, series, works, crossroads headquarters等。

    Various means of transport are introduced in this article.

    There are already 137 species of butterflies known in the world today.

    It is all a means to an end.這只是達到目的的一種手段。

    The airline ordered 15 new aircraft.那家航空公司訂購了十五架新飛機。

    五、表示時間、距離、度量、價值的復數名詞作主語時,主語與謂語動詞的一致

    這些復數名詞, 如表示抽象概念, 被視作一整體時,謂語動詞用單數形式;如表示具體的多少, 強調復數意義時,謂語動詞用復數形式。

    Ten minutes is all that I can spare for you.

    Six thousand dollars is a large sum of money to her.

    The fifty miles were covered by the winner in three hours.

    六、由with, as well as等詞或詞組修飾的單數名詞作主語時,主語與謂語動詞的一致.

    如作主語的單數名詞后有下列詞或詞組修飾時, 謂語動詞仍用單數形式: with, along with, together with, besides, as well as, in addition to, accompanied by, rather than, but等。

    The teacher as well as the students likes this novel.

[FS:PAGE]    A scientist, together with some assistants,was sent to help solve that problem.

    The boss, rather than his employees, is to blame.

    Nobody but San and Ann is in the lab.

    七、and連接的兩個名詞作主語時, 主語與謂語動詞的一致

    一般情況下, and連接的兩個名詞作主語時, 謂語動詞用復數形式。但有些情況下, and連接的兩個名詞意指同一人物、同一事物、同一概念時,謂語動詞要用單數形式。通常, 如果兩個名詞只有一個限定詞或無限定詞修飾時,它們常常表示一個概念, 如果兩個名詞分別有兩個限定詞修飾時,它們往往表示兩個不同的概念。

    另外, 如果and連接的兩個單數名詞均有each, every , many a,no等詞修飾時, 謂語動詞用單數形式。

    War and peace is a constant theme in history.

    The wear and tear on the machine is obvious.

    The secretary and manager was present at the meeting.

    Every hour and every minute is vital to me now.

    Many a boy and many a girl has been to the exhibition.

    八、連詞or等連接兩個名詞(或代詞)作主語時, 主語與謂語動詞的一致

    連詞or, either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…連接兩個名詞或代詞作主語時,謂語動詞必須和靠它較近的一個名詞或代詞取得一致, 這就是就近一致原則。

    Either I or they are responsible for it.

    Neither your unkind words nor your unfriendly attitude has caused me any distress.

    Not only he but also his amily members are interested in football match.

    九、其他情況下的主謂語一致

    1.none本身作主語時或它修飾的名詞或代詞作主語時, 如代表不可數名詞,謂語動詞用單數形式, 如代表可數名詞,謂語動詞既可用單數形式也可用復數形式。

    None of the telephones are/is working.所有的電話都壞了。

    2. one and a half后接的名詞應是復數形式, 但謂語動詞用單數形式。

    如:One and a half years has passed.

    3. more than one后接單數可數名詞作主語時, 謂語動詞用單數形式,但如果more than one本身作主語, 謂語動詞則用復數形式。

    More than one question has been discussed.

    4. either, neither作主語時, 謂語動詞用單數形式.

    Neither shoe fits comfortably.兩只鞋都不合腳。

    Neither of my friends has come yet.我的兩個朋友都還沒來。

    5. one or two后接復數名詞作主語時, 謂語動詞用復數形式.

    I shall be away only one or two days.

    6. one of 后接復數名詞作主語時, 謂語動詞用單數形式.

    John is the only one of the students who has been to France.

    7. 動詞不定式、動名詞短語、名詞性從句等作主語時,謂語動詞用單數形式。

    Seeing is believing.

    To hesitate means failure.

    Exercises 7 Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences:

    1. Professor Wu, with three lecturers, _________ attending a symposium(專題討論會)in Shanghai on energy now.

    A. is B. are

    C. was D. were

    2. One and a half hours _________ passed.

    A. has B. are

    C. is D. have

    3. Many a student _________ going to take part in CET-6(大學英語六級測試)next month.

    A. is B. is to

    C. are D. was

    4. What matters _________ not winning but participating.

    A. are B. to be

[FS:PAGE]    C. was D. is

    5. Passenger ships and _________ are often equipped with ship-to-shore or air-to-land radio telephones.

    A. aircrafts B. aircraft

    C. the planes D. also the planes.

    6. John is the only one of the students who _________ to France.

    A. has been B. have been

    C. had been D. has being

    7. Linguistics(語言學) _________ very difficult to learn.

    A. is not B. are not

    C. were not D. wasn’t

    8. The flight service crew _________ largely women.

    A. is B. was

    C. are D. were

    9. Three hours _________ the limit of this examination.

    A. is B. were

    C. are D. was

    10. His Selected Poems _________ first Published in 1992.

    A. was B. were

    C. had been D. are

    11. many a man _________ life is meaningless without purpose.

    A. think B. thinks

    C. thought D. has thought

    12. Nobody but San and Ann _________ in the lab.

    A. are B. had been

    C. were D. is

    13. More than one question _________ discussed.

    A. have been B. has been

    C. are D. has

    14. This is the best one of automobiles that _________in working order.

    A. is B. are

    C. had been D. have

    15. Writing stories and articles _________ what I’m fond of.

    A. is B. were

    C. are D. have been